I am trying to find some scholarship for my master degree in NY; however, most of the scholarship requires that All applicants must be U.S. citizens or have obtained permanent residency status. I am Thai and I have been living in NY almost 3 years by student visa (F1). I have never been outside of USA since I came here. How can I apply for a scholarship? Thank you very much. ,Best 
One Comment
Residency is not something you acquire after being a resident for x number of years in the US. Just want to clarify your confusion.
You are an F-1 holder, what you have is a student visa. To become a permanent resident, you must file I-485 to adjust status if and only IF you are eligible and filing under certain categories that are shown in this link
Most US scholarships are only for US citizens and/or permanent residence but I’d still encourage you to keep looking for scholarships that are offered with no restrictions to international students.